Following are some of the common factor that can cause piles;

• Chronic constipation and excessive straining during passing stools
• Sitting on firm or hard surfaces for long duration
• Intense and heavy manual labour or lifting heavy objects
• Pregnancy is one of the factors,because of added weight and pressure on bowels.
• Hereditary

With the exception of enhancing your diet which is most important factor to treat and prevent the occurrence of piles, the following are the other treatment options for treating haemorrhoids.

• Improving dietary habits. Intake of high fibre diet including vegetables, fruits, cereals and plenty amount of water helps in soft bowel movements with easy and regular motions.
• Drug therapy and medications including the astringent ointments, laxatives and suppositories to shrink the haemorrhoids.
• Banding and ligation of haemorrhoids using proctoscope to shrink the size of haemorrhoids.
• Surgery

The commonly performed surgical procedures are;

• aemorrhoidectomy- haemorrhoidectomy is the procedure during which the excess tissue that is causing the bleeding is surgically removed. The surgery can be done under local/ spinal or general anaesthesia. Haemorrhoidectomy results in complete removal of piles.
• Haemorrhoid stapling –haemorrhoid stapling, also known as Hemorrhoidopexy, is the procedure where blood flow to the haemorrhoids is blocked with the help of staples thereby causing the tissue to shrink and shed off. This procedure is less time consuming and less painful than haemorrhoidectomy.

Other minimally invasive options for reducing the size of or removing haemorrhoids include:

• Sclerotherapy: Sclerotherapy entails injecting a medicine in the haemorrhoids resulting them to shrink and eventually shrivel up.
• Laser: in this a specialized and defined laser beam is used to let the tissue burn away causing pain relief.
• Rubber band ligation: This involves placing an elastic band around the bottom of the pile inside the anus leading to discontinuation of the blood supply, resulting in the death of the tissue and it eventually falls off.

Patients having severe and large haemorrhoids (grade 4), when there is no relief with conventional therapy and medications, are candidates for piles surgery.

The surgery is done under local or general anaesthesia depending on the type of surgery, size and location the haemorrhoids

Once the anaesthesia takes effect, the surgeon will cut the large haemorrhoids by one of the following methods,

• Small rubber band is wound the base of around a haemorrhoid to shrink it by blocking blood flow
• Stapling a haemorrhoid to block blood flow, causing it to shrink
• Using a knife (scalpel) to remove haemorrhoids. You may or may not have stitches.

Haemorrhoid surgery is effective in almost all cases. However, it's important to eat a high-fibre diet, maintain good hygiene, and avoid becoming constipated, which can cause new haemorrhoids to form.Avoid any activities that involve heavy lifting or pulling

The following will help you to recover faster and avoid developing new haemorrhoids in future:

• Diet changes, such as eating foods high in fibre
• Making lifestyle changes, such as losing weight
• Adopting a regular exercise program
• Staying hydrated by drinking at least eight to ten glasses of water each day
• Using a stool softener/ laxatives to avoid straining during bowel movements

There would some pain and discomfort after the surgery which can be relieved through pain medications. You would needto stay at the hospital for 1-2 days and another week in India before you can go back. You can expect to make full recovery within about 14 days.

You would need to stay at the hospital for 1-2 days and another week in India before you can go back. You thus need a total 8-10 days to get the piles surgery in India.